The AA battery--also called a double A or Mignon (French for "dainty") battery--is a standard size single cell cylindrical dry battery. The IEC 60086 system calls it size R6, and ANSIC18 calls it size 15. Historically, it is known as HP7 in official documentation the United Kingdom, though it is colloquially known as a "double A battery".
AA batteries are common in portable electronic devices. An AA battery is composed of a single electrochemical cell that may be either a primary battery (disposable) or a rechargeable battery. The exact terminal voltage and capacity of an AA size battery depend on cell chemistry; however, devices designed for AA will usually only take 1.5 V unless specified by the manufacturer.
Introduced in 1907, the AA battery size was standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1947, but it had been used in flashlights and electrical novelties for some time before formal standardization. ANSI and IEC Battery nomenclature gives several designations for cells in this size, depending on cell features and chemistry.
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Dimensions
An AA cell measures 49.2-50.5 mm (1.94-1.99 in) in length, including the button terminal--and 13.5-14.5 mm (0.53-0.57 in) in diameter. The positive terminal button should be a minimum 1 mm high and a maximum 5.5 mm in diameter, the flat negative terminal should be a minimum diameter of 7 mm. 14500 Lithium Batteries are longer if they feature a protection circuit up to 53mm.
Alkaline AA cells have a weight of roughly 23 g (0.81 oz), lithium AA cells have a mass around 15 g (0.53 oz), and rechargeable Ni-MH cells around 31 g (1.1 oz).
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Chemistry and capacity
Primary cells
Primary (non-rechargeable) zinc-carbon (dry cell) AA batteries have around 400-900 milliamp-hours capacity, with measured capacity highly dependent on test conditions, duty cycle, and cut-off voltage. Zinc-carbon batteries are usually marketed as "general purpose" batteries. Zinc-chloride batteries store around 1000 to 1500 mAh are often sold as "heavy duty" or "super heavy duty". Alkaline batteries from 1700 mAh to 3000 mAh cost more than zinc-chloride batteries, but hold additional charge.
Non-rechargeable lithium iron disulfide batteries are manufactured for devices that use a lot of power, such as digital cameras, where their high cost is offset by longer running time between battery changes and more constant voltage during discharge. Lithium iron disulfide batteries are intended for use in equipment compatible with alkaline zinc batteries. Lithium-iron disulfide batteries can have an open-circuit voltage as high as 1.8 volts, but the in-circuit voltage reduces, making this chemistry compatible with equipment intended for zinc-based batteries. A fresh alkaline zinc battery can have an open-circuit voltage of 1.6 volts, but an iron-disulfide battery with an open-circuit voltage below 1.7 volts is entirely discharged.
Rechargeable cells
Rechargeable batteries in the AA size are available in multiple chemistries: nickel-cadmium (NiCd) with a capacity of roughly 600-1000 mAh, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) in various capacities of 1300-3500 mAh and lithium ion. Lithium ion chemistry has a nominal voltage of 3.6-3.7 volts, and are referred to as 14500 Li-ion batteries rather than AA.
Nickel-zinc cell (NiZn) AAs are also available, but not widely used.
Comparison
Use
In 2011, AA cells accounted for approximately 60% of alkaline battery sales in the United States. In Japan, 58% of alkaline batteries sold were AA, known in that country as tansan (??). In Switzerland, AA batteries totaled 55% in both primary and secondary (rechargeable) battery sales.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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